Civil Art

Can infrastructure be considered art? Here's a fanciful interpretation of stairs, overpasses, and other civil structures and how they interact with the public aesthetic. The large public sculpture is located outside the Lesseps metro station in Barcelona, Spain.

Expressed Structure

This modern three-story building in Aix-en-Provence perfectly illustrates the architectural concept of expressed structure. The sloping columns and braces provide both the gravity and lateral support for the structure. The structure is cast-in-place concrete. I found it interesting that they chose not to use spandrel beams at the building perimeter. It must have been a challenge to design the intersecting columns, braces and slab such that there was still enough room between rebars to properly cast the concrete.